Dwarf Sunset Rainbowfish

Lake Kurumoi Rainbowfish (Melanotaenia parva) Also known as the Sunset Dwarf Rainbowfish or Lake Kuromai Rainbowfish

A rare and diminutive freshwater rainbowfish endemic to the isolated, clear waters of Lake Kurumoi in the mountainous Bird’s Head Peninsula of West Papua, Indonesia. One of the smallest members of the Melanotaenia genus, this compact species is highly prized in the aquarium hobby for its delicate beauty and the striking sunset-like colors that develop in mature males.

Key Features

• Maximum Size: 6.7 cm / ~2.6 inches SL (commonly around 4.5 cm / ~1.8 inches SL; one of the smallest rainbowfishes).
• Appearance: Sleek, fusiform body built for active swimming. Males display beautiful bluish-mauve to silvery tones with red/orange speckling or lines, often accented by a dark midlateral band; their fins glow vivid red. Females are smaller and more subdued with silvery to pale golden hues. Colors intensify with proper diet and lighting.
• Fin Details: Dorsal spines 6–7, dorsal soft rays 11–14; anal spines 1, anal soft rays 19–24.

Aquarium Care

• Tank Size: Minimum 30–40 gallons for a small school (6–8 or more recommended for best color and natural behavior).
• Water Parameters: Tropical freshwater; 75–82°F (24–28°C), pH 7.0–8.0, moderate hardness.
• Diet: Omnivorous — readily accepts high-quality flakes, pellets, frozen, and live foods. A varied diet enhances coloration.
• Behavior: Peaceful, active mid-to-upper water column schooling fish. Excellent for planted community aquariums with similarly sized, non-aggressive companions. Provide open swimming space and a tight-fitting lid — they are strong jumpers.

IUCN Status: Critically Endangered (CR)